Depression is one of the most common mental health conditions affecting people in Australia and around the world. It can impact how you think, feel, and function – affecting relationships, work, sleep, and day-to-day life. But depression isn’t a one-size-fits-all diagnosis. There are several types of depressive disorders, each with its own causes, symptoms, and treatments. Understanding the different types of depression is the first step towards recognising it in yourself or someone you care about – and seeking help.
At Monarch Mental Health Group, we see the full spectrum of depression, and we tailor treatment plans to suit the individual. Here's what you need to know.
Also called clinical depression, Major Depressive Disorder is characterised by a persistent low mood, lack of interest or pleasure in activities, fatigue, and changes in appetite or sleep. It can be severe and disabling if left untreated.
According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, 7.5% of Australians aged 16–85 experienced a depressive episode in the past year, with women more commonly affected than men.
MDD typically lasts for at least two weeks, though episodes can last months or longer. Treatments may include medication, psychological therapy, or repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), which is offered at Monarch clinics.
This is a chronic form of depression where symptoms last for at least two years. While the symptoms may not be as intense as MDD, they are ongoing and can significantly impact your quality of life.
People with dysthymia may describe themselves as always feeling "down" or "not quite right." It can sometimes go undiagnosed due to its less severe but enduring nature.
Treatment often involves a combination of psychotherapy and lifestyle changes. Long-term support from a clinical team – including psychologists and psychiatrists – can make a meaningful difference.
Bipolar disorder includes episodes of depression alternating with episodes of mania or hypomania. During depressive episodes, individuals experience low mood and energy, similar to MDD. In contrast, manic phases are marked by elevated mood, impulsive behaviour, and increased activity.
Bipolar disorder affects approximately 1.8% of Australians aged 16–85.
It’s crucial to get an accurate diagnosis, as treatments for bipolar depression are different from those used for unipolar depression. Mood stabilisers, antipsychotic medications, and structured support from a mental health team are usually required.
Postnatal depression affects roughly 1 in 7 women who give birth in Australia. It can also affect non-birthing partners. PND goes beyond the "baby blues" and may include feelings of sadness, hopelessness, guilt, and detachment from the baby or family.
Early intervention is vital – Monarch provides support and referral pathways for people experiencing PND. Treatments may include psychological therapy, medication, and lifestyle support tailored for new parents.
SAD is a type of depression linked to seasonal changes, often emerging in winter when daylight hours are shorter. People with SAD may feel low, lethargic, and withdrawn.
While it is more common in countries with long, dark winters, some Australians may still experience seasonal depression, particularly in southern states.
Light therapy, psychotherapy, and medication can be helpful. Monarch’s clinical team can assess symptoms and provide personalised support if you experience seasonal mood changes.
PMDD is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) that includes debilitating mood changes, such as depression, anxiety, and irritability in the lead-up to menstruation. It affects an estimated 3–8% of women of reproductive age. Treatment options include hormonal therapies, antidepressants, nutritional support, and counselling. PMDD is often under-recognised, but with the right care, symptoms can be managed effectively.
This form of depression occurs in response to a significant life stressor – such as the loss of a job, a breakup, or bereavement. While it shares symptoms with MDD, situational depression is triggered by a specific event and usually resolves over time with appropriate support.
Psychological therapy is often the most effective treatment. At Monarch, our psychologists and psychiatrists can help individuals work through grief, life changes, and trauma with evidence-based strategies.
Atypical depression is not uncommon and includes symptoms like increased appetite, excessive sleep, heaviness in the limbs, and mood that temporarily improves in response to positive events.
Despite the name, this type of depression is “atypical” only in the sense that it doesn’t follow the standard diagnostic criteria for MDD. It may respond better to certain antidepressants and behavioural therapies.
About one-third of people with depression do not respond to first-line treatments like antidepressants. This is known as treatment-resistant depression (TRD).
At Monarch Mental Health Group, we offer advanced treatment options such as rTMS, deep TMS (dTMS), and medication-assisted therapies to support patients who haven’t found relief through conventional means.
Depression can look different for everyone. If you notice changes in your mood, energy levels, thoughts, or behaviour that persist for more than two weeks, it’s important to seek professional help.
Monarch Mental Health Group provides psychiatrist-led assessments and a wide range of treatment options, including:
All our services are delivered in a supportive, inclusive, and safe environment across our clinics in Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, and regional locations. We specialise in TMS therapy for depression and you can access treatment with a GP referral and a current Mental Health Care Plan.
Understanding the different types of depression and depressive disorders helps break down stigma and opens the door to more accurate diagnoses and better outcomes. No matter the type, depression is treatable – and help is available.
If you or someone you love is struggling, contact Monarch Mental Health Group today. We’ll walk this path with you, every step of the way.
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is the most common type. It involves persistent low mood, loss of interest in activities, fatigue, and changes in sleep or appetite. MDD can severely impact daily life but responds well to treatment such as therapy, medication, or innovative options like rTMS available at Monarch clinics in Australia.
Yes, it’s possible to experience overlapping symptoms or conditions – for example, someone with Persistent Depressive Disorder might also experience episodes of Major Depression, known as "double depression." A comprehensive mental health assessment at Monarch helps clarify your diagnosis and guide a tailored treatment plan for the best possible outcome.
Treatment-resistant depression refers to depression that doesn’t improve after trying at least two standard treatments, like medication or talk therapy. Monarch offers advanced therapies for TRD, including repetitive TMS, deep TMS, and medication-assisted psychotherapy, designed to provide hope and symptom relief when traditional methods haven’t worked.
Yes. While medication can be helpful, many people benefit from psychological therapies, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), or Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) – all non-invasive treatments available at Monarch. We work with you to find a personalised approach that suits your symptoms, lifestyle, and preferences.
While some mild cases may improve over time, clinical depression often requires treatment. Without professional support, symptoms can worsen or become chronic. Early intervention leads to better outcomes. At Monarch, our psychiatrist-led team provides evidence-based medication and drug-free treatments like TMS to help you recover and regain control over your mental health.